Health
Health of an employee is most important in the workplace and every organization must provide a healthy and safe working environment for their employees. Safe environment provides employees physical, mental and social well being.
- Cleanliness at the workplace
- A proper air conditioning system
- A proper filtered water facility must be available for the employees
- A fresh food cafeteria and good quality food for the employees
- Clean washroom facility should be given to employee
Safety
The work environment of the organization must be safe and it must be free from hazards and risk.
Organization should maintain following Safety rules in workplace –
- A proper safety guidelines be prepared by the organization
- Regular drills should be conducted
- Smoke alarms must be placed
- Safety equipment maintenance must be taken care regularly
- Fire escape plans must be installed
Security
Every employee should feel that they are secured in the company campus. Security helps to ensure the safety of the people in the workplace.
Organization should maintain following Security checkup in workplace –
- Employee safety
- Computer system safety
- Electrical safety
- Transport safety
- Equipment safety
Policies and Procedures for Health, Safety and Security
The Department of Information Technology (DoIT) has provided some policy regarding employees’ healthy and safe work environment in the workplace.
The reasons for Workplace Health, Safety, and Security programs and policies
There are several reasons to specific safety policy in workplace –
- It indicates that the company is committed to the health and safety of its employees.
- It indicate that company is not only making the profits but it take care of the employee also
- It shows the performance of the business
- Company following national policy on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
- Injuries and illness of the employee is prevented
Workplace Safety Hazards
The most common definition of hazard is a danger or risk. Workplace Hazards are the things that could potentially hurt or damage someone or something in a workplace.
There are different types of hazards present in the workplace –
- Physical Hazards – It is the dangers associated with the physical workspace, including the walls, ceilings, floors, and facilities. Physical risks may also arise from using machinery and devices that run on electricity.
- Falling Off Heights, Slipping and Tripping – Everything needs to be placed correctly to prevent slips and falls. To prevent accidents, dropped food, drink or other materials like paints need to be cleaned up right away. Ensure that sufficient lighting is provided and that any broken stairs, light fixtures, or equipment is fixed immediately.
- Electrical Hazards – In the workplace there are many life threatening, severe and injuries that could result due to Electrical Hazards. Every company has to provide basic knowledge to the employees, how to use electrical equipment in the workplace.
Some of the common causes of electrical accidents are –
- Ungrounded or faulty equipment
- Unsafe use of electrical equipment
- Worn-out wiring
- Overloading of electrical outlets
Some of the common instruction which company and employee have to follow in workplace are –
- Food and water should not be near electrical equipment.
- Electrical technician should carry out routine inspections
- Technician have to check overrated or overloaded outlets
- Never use damage equipment
- Electrical safety devices
Fire Hazards
To maintain fire safety, every organization needs to adhere to the housekeeping regulations. Those who violate these regulations may cause accidents which damage the vital workplace equipment, building, stock and other items.
Some of the fire safety precautions in workplace are –
- Emergency mitigation system in workplace
- Employees should be aware above emergency exits
- Fire escape routes should be pasted
- Fire extinguishers and alarms should be placed in the workplace.
Fire Hazards in the Workplace
Unsafe storage of combustible dust or flammable materials is another prevalent cause of workplace fires. Since both are hazardous, they need to be handled and stored carefully.
- Each worker needs to be aware of the locations of the fire extinguishers.
- Fire extinguishers and First Aid stations should be marked with signs.
- Do not use flammable material near electrical panels, switches or near any electrical equipment.
- All equipment is properly grounded where needed.
- Fire extinguishers must be inspected regularly.
- No flammable material is to be placed near the exit door.
Safety Guidelines Checklist
- Store all cleaning chemicals in separate cupboards.
- Throw garbage daily
- Do not wear any loose cloth or jewelry when working with machine
- Do’t disturbed the people who are working near a fire or near machine.
- Wear protective items such as safety glasses, gloves, masks and hair nets.
- Shut down all machines before leaving the workplace
- Do not play with electrical switches
- Do not operate machines, if you are not trained
- Before using electrical equipment, repair the broken wires or plugs.
- Do not use equipment if you feel unsafe.
- Do not smoke in a “No Smoking” zone.
To reduce the possibility of vision problem –
- Adjust the brightness of computer screen
- Keep a proper vision distance from computer screen
- Blink your eyes in an every interval
- Wear anti glare glasses whenever you are working in computer
- Give your eyes periodic breaks from the screen
- Keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face.
While working on Computer follow the following guidelines –
- Position of the monitor should be at your eye level.
- Keep your monitor at least arm length distance or 20 to 30 inches away from you.
- Keep your back against the backrest of the chair.
- Adjust height of armrests so that your elbows are at a 100-110 degrees open angle.
- Place the keyboard at a slight negative tilt if you are sitting upright.
- While typing keep your hands slightly lower than elbows.
- Minimize any twisting of your wrists from side to side or up and down.
- Use a keyboard palm rest as needed only when you are not typing.
- Always take small breaks while working on the computer.
MCQ
Chapter 13: Health, Safety and Security at Workplace
1. Every workplace illness, accident or dispute is a cost to _.
a. Organization
b. Injured individuals
c. Injured individuals families
d. All of the above
2. Who is responsible for creating a safe workplace in the organization.
a. Employees
b. Employers
c. Both a) and b)
d. All of the above
3. What is the responsibility of the Employee in a workplace regarding the health and safety.
a. Take responsibility for their own health
b. Take responsibility for their own safety
c. Relying solely on the “Safety Office” or management
d. Both a) and b)
4. Which of the following initiatives employers have to take for making a safe and healthy environment in the workplace.
a. Workplaces must be cleaned in the morning and clean washroom facility
b. Proper clean and cool air at workplace is mandatory
c. Proper filtered water facility must be available
d. All of the above
5. Which of the following practices should be used in the workplace to free from hazards and risk.
a. Proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the employer
b. Employee should be strictly followed the guideline
c. The safety procedures must be practiced by employees.
d. All of the above
6. Every organization has a separate security department, this department is responsible for various security such as _.
a. Personal Safety
b. Computer System Safety
c. Electrical Safety and Transport Safety
d. All of the above
7. Which of the following hazards occur in the IT sector?
a. Biological
b. Chemical
c. Physical
d. Ergonomic
8. Which strategy promotes a safe and healthy work environment?
a. Keeping emergency exits clear
b. Leaving cables loose on the floor
c. Ignoring safety warnings
d. Using unapproved software
9. Radiations and Vibration comes under which hazard.
a. Physical Hazard
b. Chemical Hazard
c. Electrical hazard
d. Ergonomic Hazard
10. Which of the following belong to biological hazard.
a. Blood and Body fluids
b. Mold and Fungi
c. Virus
d. All of the above
11. Which of the following health hazards in the workplace have the potential to harm employee health.
a. Viruses in the workplace, such as flu or common colds
b. Noisy machine could damage the sense of hearing of the workers
c. Bright lights and toxic fumes and vapor could damage the eyes and nose.
d. All of the above
12. A health, safety and security policy is a statement written by an employer for the protection of __.
a. Employees
b. To the public
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
13. The government has a specific section mentioned in their company laws regarding healthy, safety and security policy, which state that _.
a. The employer or company should follow the government health, safety and security policy
b. Company or employer should have their own health, safety and security policy for the employee
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
14. What are the reasons for Health, Safety and Security policies in the workplace.
a. It shows the company commitment for their employees regarding health and safety
b. The company is not only making profits but company is taking care of the stakeholders
c. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy
d. All of the above
15. What is the purpose of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) policy of the government of India.
a. Preventing workplace accidents and injuries
b. Promoting employee health and well being
c. Ensuring compliance with laws and regulations
d. All of the above
16. OH&S government of India focus on which of the following measures in an IT company.
a. Boosting profits
b. Preventing accidents
c. Enhancing social activities
d. All of the above
17. OH&S objectives and targets are reviewed _.
a. Annually
b. Periodically
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
18. What is the most common definition of hazard _.
a. a danger or risk
b. anything that cause injury, illness or damage to people
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
19. What do you mean by Physical Hazard in the workplace?
a. Slippery floors
b. Extreme temperature
c. Excessive noise or working with machines
d. All of the above
20. How you will avoid falls and slips in the workplace.
a. Arrange all the things properly
b. Keep floors clean and dry
c. Install proper lights
d. All of the above
21. What are the common types of electrical Hazards.
a. Faulty equipment can cause shock
b. Overloaded circuits or overheating equipment can lead fires
c. Sparks from electrical equipment
d. All of the above
22. What are the common causes of electrical accidents?
a. Overloading of electrical outlets
b. Ungrounded or faulty equipment
c. Unsafe use of electrical equipment
d. All of the above
23. How the employer will avoid electrical hazards from the workplace.
a. Provide instruction about electrical safety
b. Keeping water and food away from electrical equipment
c. Using routine inspections
d. All of the above
24. Which of the following systems should be placed in an organization for fire safety.
a. Emergency mitigation systems
b. Fire escape routes
c. Fire extinguishers and alarms
d. All of the above
25. Bright light sources behind the screen make it difficult to see your work, which of the following possible solutions to avoid this.
a. Use drapes on windows
b. Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
26. Hazards while using computers include _.
a. Poor sitting posture
b. Excessive duration of sitting in one place
c. Glare from the computer screen
d. All of the above
27. Moving or lifting large objects without following the right protocols can result in __.
a. Potential hazard
b. Chemical hazard
c. Biological hazard
d. Ergonomic hazard
28. Potential hazards may include __.
a. Poor ventilation and housekeeping
b. Chairs and tables of inappropriate height
c. Staff unaware of emergency procedures
d. All of the above
29. Which of the following safety guidelines checklist in the workplace.
a. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate cupboards
b. Throw garbage daily
c. Make sure all areas have proper lighting
d. All of the above
Chapter 14: Workplace Quality Measures
30. Air and water pollution can be analyzed by using which of the following methods.
a. Physical method
b. Chemical method
c. Biological method
d. All of the above
31. The PH value of the water can be measured through __.
a. Physical method
b. Chemical method
c. Biological method
d. All of the above
32. Which of the following indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
a. Microbial indicator
b. Redox indicator
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
33. Which of the following guidelines to follow by organization to keep the surrounding air and water clean.
a. Avoid dust production, generation of solid particles and gasses in the air
b. Organization must use limited number of vehicles to avoid air pollution
c. Organization must take care that their waste water is not mixed with surrounding water
d. All of the above
34. What is the importance of cleanliness at the workplace.
a. Clean workplace avoid the hazardous
b. Clean workplace makes your job easier and more pleasant
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
35. _ is a science concerned with designing and organizing objects to ensure that humans can use them safely and efficiently.
a. Ergonomics
b. Human Factors Psychology
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
36. Which of the following ergonomics can be used for identification of early warning signs.
a. Sore lower back or Burning in the upper back
b. Stiff neck or sore shoulders
c. Dry eyes or Eye strain and sore eyes
d. All of the above
37. What precautions should a person take if they suffer from dry eyes?
a. Rest eyes periodically
b. Do simple eye exercise
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
38. What precautions does a person need to take if they have lower back pain?
a. Use backrest of chair
b. Put small pillow or lumbar support on backrest of chair
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
39. What safety measures must an office worker take if they have musculoskeletal issues and he/she wants to avoid the problem?
a. Keep your monitor distance 20 to 30 inch away from you
b. Adjust height of armrest so that your elbows are at a 100-110 degrees open angle
c. Always take small breaks while working on the computer
d. All of the above
40. __ is also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), refers to a group of disorders that can cause discomfort or persistent pain in the tendons, muscles, and other soft tissues, either with or without physical symptoms.
a. Occupational overuse syndrome
b. Angelman syndrome
c. Turner syndrome
d. None of the above
41. How to avoid Occupational overuse syndrome disorder.
a. Use appropriate posture
b. Keyboard and mouse should be kept at same level
c. Avoid gripping the mouse too tightly.
d. All of the above
42. Many times we are working on a computer for a long time, which may cause strain in leg and feet, how can we avoid this.
a. Use footrest for more support
b. There should be enough space for stretch your legs
c. Sit comfortably and keep you feet flat on the floor
d. All of the above
43. Computer Vision Syndrome is caused by _.
a. Bright light
b. Glare and flickering images
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
44. How you will reduce the risks of visual problems.
a. Adjust the brightness of computer
b. Reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights
c. Keep a proper vision distance from computer
d. All of the above
45. To reduce the risk of visual problems, keep your computer monitor distance between _ away from your face.
a. 70 to 80 inches
b. 120 to 140 inches
c. 50 to 70 inches
d. 18 to 24 inches
46. Headaches may occur due to __.
a. Muscle tension
b. Pain in the neck
c. Strain on the eyes or vision problem
d. All of the above
47. How do you handle if you are feeling emotional or physical tension (Stress).
a. Yoga
b. Natural remedies
c. Medications as prescribed by a medical provider
d. All of the above
48. There is really no right or wrong way to use a laptop because the keyboard and screen are so near to one another. If you put the screen at the ideal height for your neck and back you will have to raise your arms and shoulders too high to operate the laptop and vice versa. How you will overcome this problem.
a. You will use external keyboard and mouse along with laptop stand for long time
b. You may use desktop that is set up ergonomically correct for long time
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
49. Which of the following is a safe method for using a computer monitor.
a. Use LED monitor with legible size and with
b. Adequate space between the characters and lines
c. Screen should be stable and no flickering
d. All of the above
50. Which of the following cautions you have to take while working on the computer.
a. Use surge protector when you plug your system in
b. Battery backup system is the best way to protect against a power outage.
c. Remove rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer
d. All of the above
Chapter 15: Prevent Accidents and Emergencies
51. What is an accident?
a. Planned event that causes harm
b. Event in the workplace
c. Situation where needs immediate action
d. Unforeseen, unmanaged, or unplanned incident that causes damage or injury
52. _ is an extremely serious or urgent circumstance that requires urgent attention and action.
a. Emergency
b. Non-Urgent
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
53. Which of the following is an example of an emergency.
a. An unexpected situation that calls for immediate action
b. A fire break out in an organization
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
54. Which of the following is the most suitable way for handling accidents and emergencies in a workplace.
a. Follow the organization guideline and policies of accident and emergency.
b. Ignore the accident if it is minor
c. Try to resolve the problem without following organization guidelines.
d. All of the above
55. Which of the following are common types of accidents in organizations.
a. Trip and Fall
b. Slip and Fall
c. Accidents due to Moving Objects
d. All of the above
56. Which of the following is the most suitable situation for handling accidents in an organization.
a. Attend to the Injured Person Immediately
b. Inform your Supervisor
c. Assist your Supervisor
d. All of the above
57. Which of the following general emergency handling procedures you have to follow.
a. First Aid
b. Electrical Safety
c. Evacuation
d. All of the above
58. Which of the following general evacuation policies you have to follow in an emergency.
a. Immediately moving towards the nearest emergency exit
b. Guide the people to the emergency exits
c. Assist the person with disability to move towards the emergency exit
d. All of the above
59. Which of the following are the main types of hazards in a workplace.
a. Electrical hazards
b. Combustible materials
c. Flammable materials
d. All of the above
60. Which of the following fire prevention methods we have to follow in a workplace.
a. All employees must know where the fire extinguishers are located
b. Fire extinguishers and First Aid station should be clearly marked with sign
c. Never block access to Exits, fire extinguishers, electric switches and panels
d. All of the above
61. Which of the following are Class A materials that generate heat.
a. Wood, cloth and paper
b. Liquid, grease and gas
c. Electrical materials and equipment
d. Magnesium, potassium and sodium
62. Which of the following are Class B materials that generate heat.
a. Wood, cloth and paper
b. Liquid, grease and gas
c. Electrical materials and equipment
d. Magnesium, potassium and sodium
63. Which of the following are Class C materials that generate heat.
a. Wood, cloth and paper
b. Liquid, grease and gas
c. Electrical materials and equipment
d. Magnesium, potassium and sodium
64. Which of the following are Class D materials that generate heat.
a. Wood, cloth and paper
b. Liquid, grease and gas
c. Electrical materials and equipment
d. Magnesium, potassium and sodium
65. Which of the following fire extinguishers is suitable for wood, cloth and paper.
a. Water CO2
b. Mechanical foam
c. ABC dry powder
d. All of the above
66. Which of the following fire extinguishers is suitable for liquid, grease and gas.
a. Dry chemical powder
b. Carbon dioxide or Mechanical foam
c. ABC dry powder
d. All of the above
67. Which of the following fire extinguishers is suitable for electrical materials and equipment.
a. Dry chemical powder
b. Carbon dioxide
c. ABC dry powder
d. All of the above
68. Which of the following fire extinguishers is suitable for magnesium, potassium and sodium.
a. Drp chemical powder
b. ABC dry powder
c. Water CO2
d. Both a) and b)
69. Which of the following rescue techniques are used in an accident.
a. Never rush into an accident situation
b. Call 108 as soon as possible
c. Approach the accident place cautiously
d. All of the above
Subjective Type Questions (STQs)
The subjective type questions for this article important qna workplace safety IT class 10 can be asked in two marks or 4 marks. So here are the QnA workplace safety IT class 10.
- List out some basic safety rules.
- The basic safety rules are as following:
- Fire Safety
- Falls and Slips
- Electricity Safety
- First Aid
- The basic safety rules are as following:
- Write some basic rules that should be followed by the organization for safety rules.
- The organization must prepare some rules and procedures for safety.
- These rules must be displayed in important areas through banners, posters or LED display.
- All employees must be given proper demonstration and training on safety equipment.
- All safety equipment should be provided by the organization.
- The organization should organize some seminars and workshop related to safety for awareness.
- Enlist some basic fire safety rules.
- Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
- Conduct regular drills
- Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
- Keep workplace a no-smoking zone
- Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of regularly
- What are the safety rules that should be followed for falls and slips?
- Keep the moving area clean and clutter-free
- The workplace must be properly ventilated to receive light.
- Wear non-slippery footwear
- Floors must be clean and dry
- Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned
- Write down some safety rules for electrical safety.
- Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
- Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely
- Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced. All old and workout and frayed switches and wires should be changed.
- Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.
- Take care that the outlets/ circuits should not be overloaded.
- Switch off and unplug the electrical appliances before cleaning or relocating them.
- What is First Aid? Write some rules of it.
- First Aid is the primary safety rule and social as well as civic responsibility of every human.
- It may save lives if provided effectively and on time.
- First Aid refers to the immediate assistance provided to the injured to save lives and minimize health loss till the proper medical aid/ facility is provided.
- The rules of First Aid are as follows:
- Assure the injured to remain calm and not to panic
- Keep them warm if they are under shock
- Do not move the victim in case of back/neck injury
- What do you mean by occupational hazards? List out some of them.
- An occupational hazard is the illness one may acquire due to his occupation.
- Like people working in a chemical factory may get affected due to the presence of certain chemicals.
- Some types of occupational hazards are :
- Physical hazards
- chemical hazards
- biological hazards
- behavioural hazards
- radiological hazards
- ergonomic hazard
Short answer questions
[1] Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
Health
Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well being. Every organisation must provide healthy and safety working environment for their employees at the workplace. Health of an employee
must be in a good condition so that the employees of the organisation will not suffer from any diseases.
Safety
The work environment of the organisation must be safe. It must be free from hazards and risk. A hazard is the something that can cause harm to the people. A risk is a probability of causing harm to the people. A proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the company and it should be strictly followed. At regular intervals of time, the safety procedures must be practised by employees.
Security
Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures the safety of the people working
in the organisation. Every organisation must have separate security department. This department should
be responsible for various security such as personal safety, computer system safety, electrical safety,
transport safety and other equipment safety. The proper security procedures will reduce liabilities, insurance and compensation for organisation. This will increase the business revenue and will reduce the operational charges of the company.
[2] State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace.
2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are compatible with each other
3. It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it is taking care of all its stake holders
4. The accountability of every one working for the company is outlined for the workplace health, safety and security
5. Company can comply national policy on Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) of Government of India
6. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy
[3] List out the various workplace safety hazards.
2. Electrical Hazards
3. Fire Hazards
4. Health Hazards
[4] List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.
2. Unsanitary conditions, labs or environment
3. Exposure to chemical
4. Injuries
5. Mistakes at workplace
6. Fire
7. Electricity
8. Weather Conditions
9. Allergies
10. Workplace dimensions
[5] List some of the IT workplace hazards.
2. Excessive duration of sitting in one position
3. Similar movements for long hours
4. Looking at computer screen continuously
[6] What are the examples of potential hazards?
Ans.: Some potential hazards are as follows:
1. Poor ventilation
2. Chairs & tables inappropriate height
3. hard furniture
4. poor lighting
5. staff unaware of emergency procedures
6. poor housekeeping
7. Physical or emotional intimidation
[7] Describe information technology workplace hazards.
Ans.: Information Technology hazards includes occupational and physical hazards such as may result in pain and strain, muscle fatigue etc, electronic and technical hazards or infrastructural hazards.
[8] What are the workplace safety rules?
2. Follow proper safety rules and regulations
3. Wear proper clothes
4. Handle equipment appropriately
5. Always take safety precautions
6. Keep work area clean and tidy
7. Report unsafe conditions
[9] List out different safety guidelines?
2. Throw garbage daily.
3. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
4. Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines.
5. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with some machinery, tools
or equipment.
6. Where required, wear protective items, such as goggles, safety glasses, masks, gloves, and hair nets.
7. Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
8. Do not play with electrical controls or switches.
9. Do not operate machines or equipment until you have been properly trained and allowed to do so by your supervisor.
10. Repair torn wires or broken plugs before using any electrical equipment.
11. Do not use equipment if it smokes, sparks or looks unsafe.
12. Cover all food with a lid, plastic wrap or aluminium foil.
13. Do not smoke in ‘No Smoking’ areas.
14. Report any unsafe condition or acts to your supervisor.
[10] Describe type of emergency with example.
The common types of emergencies are as following:
1. Chemical Peels
2. Extreme Heatwaves
3. Droughts
4. Pandemics
5. Terrorists Attack
6. Fire
7. Natural Disaster like Flood, Thunderstorms
8. Leakage of gas or chemica
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